a.c. consists of +ve and –ve values while d.c. consists of either +ve or –ve values.
The root-mean-square value of an a.c. is defined as the equivalent value of steady d.c. which would dissipate heat at the same rate in a given resistance as the a.c.
(i.e. Irms = Isteady dc , Vrms = Vsteady dc for the same power dissipated in the resistance.)
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