Resistors in series: R = R1+ R2+ R3+….
Resistors in parallel:
Always connect ammeter in series with component.
Always connect voltmeter parallel to component.
In potential divider circuit, pd across
where E is the e.m.f. of the source, r its internal resistance and R1, R2, R3 are resistors in series.
In potentiometer, the pd across the balanced length (i.e. when galvanometer shows null (zero) deflection) is equal to the pd across the branch(es) which is(are) parallel to it.
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